KUMPULAN CONTOH EXPLANATION TEXT DAN DISCUSSION TEXT

 

EXPLANATION TEXT

Text 1

Tsunami

The term of “tsunami” comes from the Japanese which means harbour ("tsu") and wave ("nami"). A tsunamigk is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or the sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale.

A tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water. Such large vertical movements of the earth's crust can occur at plate boundaries. Subduction of earthquakes are particularly effective in generating tsunamis, and occur where denser oceanic plates slip under continental plates.

As the displaced water mass moves under the influence of gravity to regain its equilibrium, it radiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond.

Tsunami always bring great damage. Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully into the coastal area.

Text 2

The water cycle

Water, water, everywhere, so let's all have a drink (or so we all learned as kids, right?), but it's definitely not as easy as that these days. In honor of World Water Day (which may or may not have been today), let's sit back and enjoy an explanation of the water cycle.

Also known as the hydrologic cycle, the water cycle describes the process by which the various forms of water move about the planet in a fairly constant balance. But just because it's fairly balanced doesn't mean we have all the water we need, whenever we want it. But first, what is the cycle, really? What is the water cycle?

Like all circular items, the water cycle has no true beginning and no end, though the water changes state from liquid to solid -- as ice and snow, for example -- and as vapor. The cycle is the process by which the water, in whatever form, goes from place to place, ocean to cloud to rainwater to river and back again through a cycle of rising air currents, precipitation, runoff and a few other processes.

Text 3

How does Rain Happen?

Rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, providing suitable conditions for diverse ecosystems, as well as water for hydroelectric power plants and crop irrigation.

The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of the water cycle involves the sun heating the Earth's surface water and causing the surface water to evaporate. The water vapor rises into the Earth's atmosphere. The water in the atmosphere cools and condenses into liquid droplets. The droplets grow until they are heavy and fall to the earth as precipitation which can be in the form of rain or snow.

However, not all rain reaches the surface. Some evaporates while falling through dry air. This is called virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions.

Text 4

Flood

Flood is usually an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land and the inflow of tide onto land. Floods are the most frequent and costly natural hazards, causing almost 90 percent of all the damage related to natural disasters. Floods usually cause large-scale loss of human life and wide spread damage to properties. This damage is known as flood damage.

Floods occur when the ground can’t hold any more rain. There is too much rain to be absorbed by the earth and the water stays on top of the earth and runs off to the rivers and seas. This is normally happens during the very heavy rain seasons. After severe thunderstorms, monsoons, hurricanes and typhoons, the water fills up the rivers and then the rivers overflow their banks and the water comes onto the land and a flood devastates the land. Sometimes there is a blockage in the run off and again the water overflows and goes on the land and makes a flood.

Floods are the most frequent type of disaster worldwide. Thus, it is often difficult or impossible to obtain insurance policies which cover destruction of property due to flooding, since floods are a relatively predictable risk.

DISCUSSION TEXT

Text 1

National Exam

National exam becomes the hot topic in most of discussions. Though the Supreme Court has rejected an appeal by the go-vernment on the organization of the national exams, the controversy over whether it is necessary to maintain the national exams (UN) has continued. Some debates include the primary questions such as; does the quality of Indonesia education depend on the national exam?, will the quality of the Indonesian education system worsen without natipnal exam?

People, who support the national exam explain that the quality of the Indonesia education system will drop without the national exam, so they try to defend the current system.

However there are people who disagree with the opinion. Those who against this national exam kept in our high school education say that it doesn't need the national exams because the quality of education does not just depend on the national exam. Further, the national exam only measures a small portion of students' competence in specific subjects, and does not measure students' competences throughout the semester.

In fact, the national examination can still be useful as an instrument to evaluate or detect the level of students' cognitive competence in several subjects, on a national scale.

Text 2

Fast Food

Fast food (also known as junk food) is the term for a kind of food that people eat from a restaurant where food is prepared and served quickly. There is many kinds of fast food that we can find it easily such as hamburger, French fries, instant noodle, etc. Fast food is nowadays become a popular food because it’s quick, convenient, and inexpensive. We can get fast food everywhere in 24 hour restaurant or probably in common store. What can make fast food has a cheap price? It because fast food made of cheap ingredients such as high fat meat, refined grains, and added sugar and fats. People who has a lot of works and very busy usually eat fast food to fulfill their necessity about food without thinking further about the nutrition. They just fill their body up with such kind of fast foods.

Inspite of its controversial issues, there is still many peoples who consume fast food. They think that fast food is more practical for their busy life. They also can find this kind of food everywhere. It is much easier to prepare fast food or order it from a fast food restaurant than to prepare and cook food because fast food is more fast and simple. We can also get this kind of food with a cheap price. Besides that, people also thinks that fast food has a good taste.

However, fast food has a negative effect if consumed over. Many peoples belive that fast food can make a lack of nutrition need by our body. It is also unhealthy because most of fast food always contains dangerous additive substrate that can disturb our health. The additive substrate such as MSG (monosodium glutamate) has known can effect serious illness like cancer and so on. Fast food also considered to be junk food. No food is good for you if you don't balance out your diet and eat a variety of food. Fast food also increases cholesterol and should be avoided if you suffer with high blood pressure of cholesterol problems.

As a result of this pro and cons about fast food, the people should care about what they consume. Even if they consume junk food, they must know how much the save standardization to consume fast food and also balance it with eating healthy food so that the negative effect of fast food can be minimalized. But it’s wisely to choose consuming healthy food than fast food.

Text 3

Internet

Nowadays Internet has spread massively in Indonesia. Internet in Indonesia is more easily accessible. There are many benefits of the internet which can be taken, for example in the world of commerce, online stores offer the ease of transaction. In education, teachers can easily exchange of information in developing methods and learning strategies. But a lot of criminal acts are caused by the Internet. This issue raises the pros and cons in public’s opinion. So how do they response to the use of the Internet in Indonesia?

For those who support the Internet argue that Internet as a communication medium is most widely used in the world. Internet users can communicate with other users from around the world using social media like Facebook, twitter, path etc. In addition, the Internet is also a source of information that is very unique, because we can get information on various topics from the Internet easily.

In education aspect, internet greatly assists teachers in developing methods and strategies for creative learning. In addition, it also helps teachers to share with others and exchange information about education. In commerce, it becomes the main asset in promoting a product (advertising), even now online store grow rapidly and offer the ease of transaction.

However, some people argue that the internet presence is very disturbing their lives. They think the internet is the main cause of all the problems which happen in this life. There are so many criminal cases occur today due to the internet. For example, cases of sexual harassment are inspired by porn videos easily downloaded. Fraud case in the world of online trading, online gambling and the spread of provocative news that does not fit with the facts. And many more crimes caused by the Internet.

Internet presence is rich of benefits for human life. But the Internet cannot avoid from abusing which leads to the rise of criminal acts. So, it all depends on where we want to use the benefit of it.

Text 4

Giving Children Homework

There are a lot of discussion as to whether children should be given homework or not. Is it enough for children having time to study at school or needing additional time in home for study after school time?

Some people claim that children do enough work in school already. They also argue that children have their hobbies which they want to do after school, such as sport or music. A further point they make is that a lot of homeworks are pointless and does not help the children learn at all.

However, there are also strong arguments against this point of view. Parents and teachers argue that it is important to find out whether children can work on their own without the support from the teacher. They say that the evening is a good time for children to sit down and think about what they have learned in school.

Furthermore they claim that the school day is too short to get anything done. It makes sense to send home tasks like independent reading or further writing task which do not need the teacher support.

I think, on balance, that some homework is good idea but that should only given at the weekend when children have more time.